According to “eia”, renewables (hydro, wind, Solar) make up around 10% of the world’s electricity generation, but growing at about 2.9% annually.

It’s interesting to note when people point to countries like Costa Rica and the Province of Ontario as leading the way in non fossil fuel energy, they both have hydro electric power and Ontario generates over 50% of their electric requirements with nuclear energy.

So like fossil fuels, there are external costs with renewables like subsidies and pollution, and these will only grow with utilisation.

Assessing how these technologies impact the environment as they grow in proportion to fossil fuel use would be an important study.